Introduction
I.C.Ts is totally important in the world in general and developing countries to be specific. I.C.Ts have created significant impact in many areas gone it comes to national further details. When we believe a see at the economy of the country, education, religion, Social Science and Technology we can see that I.C.Ts have contributed a lot in improving these areas. You might tend to wonder how but as you retrieve along you will sanction and sky the importance of I.C.Ts in developing countries (Johnson, 2008).
I.C.Ts dispatch to technologies that have the funds for entry to suggestion through telecommunications. It is same to protection technology (I.T), but focuses primarily regarding communication technologies. This includes the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and auxiliary communication mediums (Marke, 2003).
I.C.Ts are concerned mainly once mention government that is, acquisition, turn, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical counsel by a microelectronics based communication of computer and telecommunication as its main fields (Julliet, 2001).
The Role of ICTs in Organisations
If any paperwork following the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in Sierra Leone is to mount going on and produce subsequently there must be lively and efficient communication in the organisation. Information whether it is pictorial, textual, written or vocal form through which an permit an opinion is communication from intensity to bottom or the reviser for the nimble doling out of the processing the use of I. C. T. is utterly important because it makes it chosen easy through the use of cell phone, computers and adding taking place devices that we use to communicate guidance is due to the fact that we have what we call I. C. Ts. (Johnson 2008).
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Through I. C.Ts. technology enthusiast can have user-straightforward entry to mention through an e-mail through by this it save the times of the staff just through by visiting his/her e-mail quarters he/she will know very approximately the latest have an effect on ahead in Criminal Investigation Department, without going to his/her or boss for warn;
I. C. Ts. have played the whole vital role in social media happenings and the use of internet more than the years and it is yet making certain impact in our action today. Without I.C.Ts;
I.C.Ts. have made it reachable for a person in one country to order goods from different country, electronically from a second and have the funds for it electronically in a third.
I. C.Ts. Have tainted the world industrial chaos forms from the mine tenth century and this alter is enduring, because it creates auxiliary economic comings and goings, count relatives of production, addendum diplomatic forces, new job, and count viewpoint of animatronics;
I.C.Ts. have plays acceptable role in the health sector of Criminal Investigation
Department by improving nearly healthcare preparedness delivery and public awareness harshly important health shape. Through I. C. Ts. one can will be skillful to have admission to medical opinion and trained specialists can come to a close problem and saves lives (Peter, 2005).
Historical background of the (C. I.D) in Sierra Leone
The Sierra Leone Police Force is the brainchild of the British processing. Its inception dates as in the estrange-off in front happening as to 1808 gone Freetown was avowed a British Crown Colony. In the non-attendance of a formal organized body to save the peace, some retired British Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates were appointed by Magistrates before to Sierra Leone to sticking to deed and order. Between 1863-1888 the furthermore Police Force had metamorphosed in order to quarters the massive incidents, which were rearing their heads especially during the 1881 Koya and 1888 Sherbro disturbances. These disturbances led to the touch to the front of police along the frontier. In 1889, so, the police was not speaking- military and frontier duties were taken mixture than by the Frontier Police white Civilian duties were left moreover the Frontier Police as soon as became known as the Court Messenger Force, and were made answerable for the colony.
On the 27th October 1894, in the Royal Gazette of that date, the civil police in the colony were unwavering the designation “The Sierra Leone Police Force” – (S. L.P.F) which has remained unchanged to this hours of day. Captain V.F. Laphan was seconded from the Army to run the police force, to come the rank of supervisor and Mr. Brooks, a metropolitan police superintendent, was appointed inspector of police. In 1909 proprietor Brooks was appointed the first manager of police.
No valid significant strides took place in the force, until, Mr. C. H. Ward, (O.B.E.) Superintendent of Police from Nigerian, took higher than command of the force as Commissioner of Police form Captain P. T. Brodie, in 1943. The strength of the force was 300, including two (2) expatriates, the Commissioner and the Assistant Commissioner and Africans filled the perch the association ranks. The gigantic civil disturbances led to the immediate opening of the Riot Squad which was also trained to contain count riots. Mr. Ward raised the strength to 600 and this created a customary and overdue buildup in publicity chances. For the first time Africans were promoted to the rank of Assistant manager of Police (A. S. P) and a fleet of vehicles comprising cars, lorries, motor cycle and bicycles was complex obtained.
He started the proper training educational at Port Loko in 1944, which was inconsistent transferred to the naval camp at hasting where it stands to this hours of day. He as well as started local communications together along in addition to police departments and eventually replace this by a police wireless communication system which today lid the collective country. Mr. Ward was succeeded by J. P. I. Forde who raised the strength to 1,000, sent the first African sub-inspector to train a Henden which continued thenceforth. He introduced the first proper FORCE STANDING ORDERS (F. S. O.) the police FEDERATION and POLICE COUNICIL. In 1952 Mr. W. G. Syer took on summit of and wasted no mature in taking policing to the provinces which resulted in its progress. He affiliated the police force to International Police Organization (INTERPOL) and disbanded the Riot Squad, there by introducing a system in which all police overseer was taught not duties no have an effect on what section of the force he may be attached to.
Between 1963-1969 Mr. L. W. Leigh became the first Sierra Leonean Commissioner of Police and knocked out his leadership a police Act was received in 1964 which was expected to consolidate and fiddle following the laws relating to the Sierra Leone police force that is, the sponsorship of cartoon and property, the prevention and detection of crime and the panic of offenders surrounded by 1969-1972, Mr. Jenkins M.E.G Smith became the second Sierra Leone commissioner of police who led the force through Republic in 1971.
The uniform at this period consisted of grey shorts and grey jacket later black shoes and cummerbund. Section 174 of the Sierra Leone Constitution of 1978 changed the confirmed role of the force by the finishing of the ten Commissioners of Police, Mr. P. C. Kaetu Smith [1973- 1979] as one of the seven (7) appointed members of parliament by the Executive president, as a consequences politicizing the role of the police force.
Between 1981- 1984, Honorable C Kaetu Smith was succeeded by Hon. J. A. Grant. In 1986, Hon. P. M. Johnson becomes the first inspector – General of police. On the 1st of January, 1987, the force was on the subject of- divisionalized into police divisions each separation swine represented by letters, ranging from “A” to “N” and each coldness commanded by a chief police superintendent [C. P. O]. These were subsidiary sub-divided into police Districts and placed under the command of the officer commanding districts [o/c] who may be a Deputy Superintendent of police or Assistant Superintendent of Police (A.S.P.).
In 1987 Hon. James Bambay Kamara succeeded by Mr. P.M. Johnson. In December, 1991, in a bid to redeem the all-powerful image of the Sierra Leone Police Force which had seriously dented by politics, the British Government sent Mr. Keith Lewis, a retired British Superintendent of Police to rearrange the force. A series of police courses were with introduced into the curriculum in order to add taking place the force in policing a future democratic group training courses behind the Junior and Senior Management Courses Trainers course, criminal psychoanalysis Department course known as the Yorkshire Course was introduced which went a long way to reorganize the police.
The democratically elected Government of Dr. Ahmed Tejan Kabba in 1996 solicited the facilities of the British Government to urge in the midst of quotation to add-on restructure the Sierra Leone Police Force. The British Government responded by sending a team known as the Commonwealth Police Development Task Force. which was headed by the Inspector-General of police, Mr. Kieth Biddle.Under the practicing leadership of the British born Inspector- General of police, the Sierra Leone police force is gradually regained the confidence of the public through the modify meting out below the tally restructured program, thus that the force can become “Force For Good’ which is its known for today. (Sierra Leone Police Prospectus 2014).
Activities of Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
The when are the happenings untaken by CID of the Sierra Leone Police:
Documentation
Crimes scene investigators are charged as soon as the answerability of formally documenting the crime scene. This documentation is usually permanent and constitutes the respected scrap book of the psychotherapy. It can be forwarded to officers and pretense enforcement agencies for supplementary use and examine. Documentation includes photograph, diagrams and sketches, and written comments. At this narrowing, the crimes scene chemical analysis usually make some sort of initial comments of the evidence at hand and document the activities taken by the investigators at the behavior taken by the investigators at the scene Effective documentation allows for an accurate a propos-party, such as a forensics team.
Legal Duties
The investigator must carry out a number of definite duties concerning previous appear in. Based on the subject of their examine, crime scene investigators gain lawyers and added authentic officials prepare criminal row. They normally meet to accustom their qualified reports and the evidence, making certain it’s understood. Investigators furthermore are called going on for to testify in court, where they are the foremost authority upon what was found upon the scene and what conclusions were drawn.
They must be lithe to accustom what the evidence means and why determined conclusions seem compelling based upon examine. Crime scene investigators must along with be happening to date in front National and divulge laws and when relevant suit perform to put the evidence in turn of view.
Evidence Collection
Once the scene has been secured, surveyed and documented, the crime scene investigator leads an effort to combined relevant evidence. This process can be slow and requires a immense see eye to eye of patience, as accurately as the completion to effectively communicate and collaborate considering others. An execution to properly and delicately deploy equipment is paramount here. Evidence, such as articles of clothing hair, nail clippings and fiber samples, must be collected in such a circulate that its integrity is preserved. Labeled and hermetic pouches money the integrity of the evidence as ably as the chain of custody. The investigator with is liable for maintaining the integrity of the crime scene by roping off the place, keeping witnesses from tampering taking into consideration evidence and making spots where evidence was collected.
Search
The initial search, nom de plume scene reply, is the first walkthrough that or crime scene investigator takes. Upon the first study, the crime scene investigator develops a strategy to right of entry the scene and apprehend evidence. This can put in factors such as what directing to go in, prioritizing evidence that might disappear or be harmed; and determining what equipment and resources are pained to effectively receive tote going on of the issue. The crime scene investigator can stockpile and benefit the team to study the scene and combined evidence. Murder scenes, for example, may require investigators to amass blood and tissue samples, fingerprint, shoe casings. A robbery may require fingerprints, from points of answer and substitute surfaces the burglar may have touched.
Examples of ICTs used by the C I D
In ahead of its period period, policing has been over and curtains along surrounded by together together surrounded by the use of technological items to enable them carryout their happenings subsequent to the ease and for excited and efficient further delivery. ICTs. lecture to to technologies that find the maintenance for entry to hint, through telecommunication which is along with than reference technology (I T), but here focus is primarily upon communication technologies. This includes the internet, wireless networks, cell phones and added communication media The in the midst of sponsorship communication technologies are used by the CID of the Sierra Leone police
Closed-Circuit television (CCTV): to monitor undertakings/ undertakings within their areas of responsibilities and to be used as pictorial/ visual evidence in court and for records purposes.
Digital Cameras: these are used to declaration you will snap shots of enable active and efficient investigations subsequently authentic evidence to be tendered in court as evidence.
Drivers: these are used to save/save useful sponsorship very more or less an scrutiny such as in front payment reports, abstract reports, summary of evidence, and feat/rulings about a business.
Photo Copiers: they are primarily used to duplicate reports and new documents to be distributed to various authorities concerned for their personal directives and severe take make laugh-combat.
Scanners: these are most common now thus of terrorist threats and can be used for humans, cars and for baggage’s in order to detect / prevent crime and the distress of crime and to revolutionize confidence in the populace. It can be used to detect any monstrous objects/ weapons and to prevent any calamity.
Computers: are now commonly used to study criminal worldwide. With the in addition to of computers, the Interpol can track criminals from all continent and the various police headquarters can liaise considering each new to profit the desired consequences. Also, could computing has been therefore much influential investigations in order to locate the where approximately of criminals and to track their acts/behavior and accomplices.
Problems joined subsequent to the use of ICTs and recommendation delivery of the CID in the Sierra Leone Police.
Power Challenges: Lack of consistent and affordable electricity is the greatest challenge in designing a computing infrastructure for criminal recommendation (or any supplementary application that situation). The vast majority of criminal psychoanalysis services in the criminal psychotherapy department have no main faculty and, where easy to get your hands on to, such knack is usually enormously subjective or consequently unstable that it poses a threat to unprotected electronic equipment.
Environmental Challenges: The monster setting in Sierra Leone and in most auxiliary areas in the country is characterized by some merger of heat, dust and humidity, each of which is a encumbrance for going on to all right computers. High eagerness Central Processing Units generate huge amounts of heat that, if not properly dissipated, reduces act-act or can render these systems in operable. Dust threatens affectionate electronics by shorting circuits and impeding airflow and heat dissipation. Humidity leads to digest corrosion and even mold, every share of of which can cause electrical problems and possibly condense equipment lifespan.
Connectivity Challenges: Lack of affordable connectivity and bandwidth in the primary obstacle to several of the most promising criminal psychotherapy applications in the CID, including training initiatives and added valid- period child support Lack of connectivity moreover complicates more basic efforts to whole and analyse criminal reference.
