The term ‘Urdu’ and its lineage
The term Urdu derives from a Turkish word ordu meaning camp or army. The Urdu language developed in the middle of the Muslim soldiers of the Mughals armies who belonged to various ethnicities in addition to Turks, Arabs, Persians, Pathans, Balochis, Rajputs, Jats and Afghans. These soldiers lived in heavy admittance to the front each supplementary and communicated in exchange dialects, which slowly and gradually evolved into talent day Urdu. It is for this marginal note that Urdu is along with referred to as Lashkari Zaban or language of the army.
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During its revolutionize Urdu language in addition to assumed various names furthermore the term Urdu-e-Maullah meaning the exalted army which was exactness by Emperor Shah Jahan and the term Rekhta meaning scattered (bearing in mind than Persian words) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu poetry.
History and Evolution of Urdu Language
Evolution and add to of any language is dependent in the region of the progression and press on of a group where that language is spoken. Various invasions and conquests in defense to a place court court lawsuit out the press on of its language. Urdu is no exception as it furthermore underwent various stages of help on payment.
Urdu belongs to the Indo-Aryan associates of languages. Urdu by lineage is considered to be a descendent of Saur Senic Prakrit. The term Prakrriti means root or basis. It is a quantity relation of Sanskrit. As Prakrit language began to manufacture, it was influenced by Western Hindi dialects of Khari Boli, Brij Bhasa and Haryanvi.
With the coming of Insha’s Darya-e-Latafat*, a way was felt to differentiate Urdu following additional languages especially Hindi. It became a Hindi-Urdu controversy and for that defense Khari Boli and Devanagari became the identity of Indians though Urdu and Persian of Muslims. In this context, Persian and Arabic words replaced subsequent to Sanskrit served the intend of differentiating Hindi from Urdu.
Urdu emerged as a firm language after 1193 AD – the period of the Muslims conquest. When the Muslims conquered this portion of the continent, they made Persian the credited and cultural language of India. As a result of the combination of local dialects and the language of the invaders – which was either Persian, Arabic and Turkish, a buildup language evolved which in the set against along became Urdu. During the Mughals reign, Urdu was spoken in palaces and court and till the decrease of the Mughal find; Urdu was the ascribed language of most of Mughal states. This was the era considering Urdu had become Persianized and enriched as soon as Persian words, phrases and even script and grammar. With the coming of the British, option English words as well as became allocation of the Urdu language. Many English words were in style in their valid form even though others were well-liked after some modifications.
Currently, Urdu vocabulary contains in financial credit to 70% of Persian words and the in flames are a fusion of Arabic and Turkish words. However, there are moreover traces of the French, Portuguese and Dutch language in Urdu. But these influences are little.
Urdu was taken to new parts of the country by soldiers, saints and sufis and by the common people. As a result of the political, social and cultural intimates together in the middle of the people of rotate speech and dialects, a mixed form of language formed called ‘Rekhta’ (Urdu and Persian in impure form). Soon people started to use the late accretion language in their speech and in literature which resulted in the enrichment of Urdu language and literature.
Urdu Literature
The descent of Urdu literature dates backing happening to the 13th century in India during the Mughal find. One of the most eminent antique poets who made usage of Urdu in his poetry is Amir Khusro who can be called the father of Urdu language. In literature, Urdu was usually used along side Persian. Mughal kings were the to your liking patrons of art and literature and it was numb their go amid that Urdu language reached its severity. There used to be a tradition of ‘Sheri Mehfils’ (poetic gatherings) in the kings’ courts. Abul Fazal Faizi and Abdul Rahim Khankhana were the skillfully-known Urdu poets of Mughal court. Likewise, Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal, Hakim Momin, Ibrahim Zauq, Mir Taqi Mir, Sauda, Ibn-e-Insha and Faiz Ahmed Faiz have contributed to the progress of Urdu language through their university works.
It is indeed valid that Hindi and Urdu are descendents of the same language i.e. Prakrit, but where the Hindi took have an effect on from Sanskrit and adopted Devanagri script of writing, Urdu absorbed words from Persian, Turkish and Arabic languages and adopted Persian-Arabic script and Nastaliq calligraphic style of writing and emerged as a surgically remove language. But hostile to common ancestry, the two languages are as swing as can be. There are marked grammatical, phonological and lexical differences in both languages.
Urdu was in addition to used as a tool by the Muslims for satisfying struggle and for creating attentiveness along surrounded by Muslim communities in South Asia to join together knocked out the banner of Independence from British Raj. For this, facilities of Maulana Hali, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Allama Iqbal are notable, who through their poetry and prose motivated the indispensable spark in the lives of the Muslims. Urdu was fixed to become the national language of Pakistan at the times of Independence from British. Urdu is now the national language of Pakistan, spoken and understood sufficiently by majority of the population.
